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Lagos was annexed as a Crown Colony in 1861 via the Lagos Treaty of Cession.[30]. In the north Frederick Lugard, the first high commissioner of Northern Nigeria, was instrumental in subjugating the Fulani emirs. Early nationalists tended to ignore Nigeria as the focus of patriotism. The experiment began in 1890 and was repealed in 1939,[71]. Until he stepped down as Governor-General in 1918, Lugard primarily was concerned with consolidating British sovereignty and with assuring local administration through traditional rulers. [75] The colonial government was not equipped nor ready in general for such a situation. The superior weapons, tactics and political unity of the British are commonly given as reasons for their decisive ultimate victory. In German East Africa, Britain took over Tangayika while Ruanda-Urundi possessions were given to Belgium. The Southern Protectorate financed itself from the outset, with revenue increasing from 361,815 to 1,933,235 over the same period. This became the Lagos Constabulary, and subsequently the Nigerian Police Force. Birth of the Nigerian Colony Google Arts & Culture Free shipping for many products! Balewa formed a coalition government that included the Action Group as well as the NCNC to prepare the country for the final British withdrawal. In the long term, the acceptance of Christianity by large numbers of Nigerians depended on the various denominations adapting to local conditions. From January 1914 onwards, the newly united colony and protectorate was presided over by a proconsul, who was entitled the Governor-General of Nigeria. Portuguese Roman Catholic priests who accompanied traders and officials to the West African coast introduced Christianity to the Edo Empire in the fifteenth century. The choice of political elite at the time of independence can also explain these differences. The similarity between the federal and regional constitutions was deceptive, however, and the conduct of public affairs reflected wide differences among the regions. The Headquarters of Gombe emirate was Gombe-Abba[15] until when the then Emir of Gombe, Umaru Kwairanga (18981922), was forced to move from Gombe-Abba, a town founded by his grandfather and the founder of Gombe Emirate, Modibbo Bubayero, to Nafada town in 1913, and then to the current Gombe in 1919, that was after Gombe Emirate was conquered by British colonialists in 1903. Ethnic cleavages intensified in the 1950s. Elections were held for a new and greatly enlarged House of Representatives in December 1959; 174 of the 312 seats were allocated to the Northern Region on the basis of its larger population. In the face of threats to the divided Yoruba states from Dahomey and the Sokoto Caliphate, as represented by the emirate of Ilorin, the British Governorassisted by the CMSsucceeded in imposing peace settlements on the interior. The official languages of Kenya, for example, are English and Kiswahili, while Zimbabwe -- formerly Rhodesia under British colonial rule -- uses English as its only official language. In the 1850s, quinine had been found to combat malaria, and aided by the medicine, a Liverpool merchant, Macgregor Laird, opened the river. Seven Years' War | The Canadian Encyclopedia [21], Whether British conquest of Nigeria resulted from a benevolent motive to end slavery or more instrumental motives of wealth and power, remains a topic of dispute between African and European historians. Consequently, he may well deserve the epithet of the "father of Nigeria", which historians accorded him. Segments of the Yoruba community had their own animosities and new rivalries arose.