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But in Whitehall, senior naval and diplomatic echelons were appalled by the outcome of his campaign. After doing this, he disbanded most of his fleet, which returned to Malta, while the French went to the Aegean. [54] The Ottoman massacres at Chios in 1822 inspired Eugne Delacroix's famous painting Massacre of Chios; other philhellenic works by Delacroix were inspired by Byron's poems. The London Philhellenic Committee helped insurgent Greece to float two loans in 1824 (800,000) and 1825 (2,000,000). The Turks were joined by Ibrahim in mid-winter, but his army had no more luck in penetrating Missolonghi's defences. The total Ottoman fleet size consisted of 20 three-masted ships of the line, each with about 80 guns and 7 or 8 frigates with 50 guns, 5 corvettes with about 30 guns and around 40 brigs with 20 or fewer guns,[130] complemented by squadrons from the Maghrebi vassal states (Algiers, Tripoli and Tunis) and Egypt.[131]. Watch on. By the end of 1821, the revolutionaries had managed to temporarily secure their positions in Central Greece. [170] Russia warned that if the "barbarisation project" was a real plan, then such an egregious violation of the Treaty of Kk Kaynarca, under which Russia had a vague claim to be the protector of all the Orthodox peoples of the Ottoman Empire, would lead to Russia going to war against the Ottomans. However, the Greek side withstood the Turkish attacks because the Ottoman military campaigns were periodic and the Ottoman presence in the rebel areas was uncoordinated due to logistical problems. [27] To the revolutionary leader and writer Yannis Makriyannis, klephts and armatoloibeing the only available major military force on the side of the Greeksplayed such a crucial role in the Greek revolution that he referred to them as the "yeast of liberty". Although this severely crippled the Ottoman forces, the war continued, complicated by the Russo-Turkish War (182829). Whereas previously only large nations (such as the Prussians or Austrians) had been judged worthy of national self-determination by the Great Powers, the Greek Revolt legitimized the concept of small nation-states, and emboldened nationalist movements among other subject peoples of the Ottoman Empire.