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To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. define) the variables being studied so they can be objectivity measured. That way, you can isolate the control variables effects from the relationship between the variables of interest. Imagine a simple experiment on the effect of mood (happy vs. sad) on the number of happy childhood events people are able to recall. Controlled experiments (article) In a controlled experiment, an independent variable (the cause) is systematically manipulated and the dependent variable (the effect) is measured any extraneous variables are controlled. The dependent variable, which changes in response to the independent variable, is graphed on the y-axis. There are four types of extraneous variables: 1. In an experiment, an extraneous variable is any variable that youre not investigating that can potentially affect the outcomes of your research study. Extraneous Variable-Those factors which cannot be controlled. Extraneous variables can often be difficult to identify and control for, which is why they can pose such a threat to the validity of a study. Therefore, they dont work as hard on their responses. This refers to the ways in which each participant varies from the other and how this could affect the results, e.g., mood, intelligence, anxiety, nerves, concentration, etc. BSc (Hons), Psychology, MSc, Psychology of Education. Controlling extraneous variables in expe . Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. Thus one reason researchers try to control extraneous variables is so their data look more like the idealized data in Table 6.1 Hypothetical Noiseless Data and Realistic Noisy Data, which makes the effect of the independent variable is easier to detect (although real data never look quite that good). Oftentimes, the experimental settings or the research material can give away the intention of the research study to the participants. Situational Variables These are aspects of the environment that could affect the way an individual behaves in an experiment. This act of motivation makes the participants more comfortable in the lab environment and feel confident about going and responding to the quiz questions; therefore, leading them to perform well.