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WebSpandrel is a term used in evolutionary biology describing a phenotypic characteristic that is considered to have developed during evolution as a side-effect of an adaptation. personal happiness, well-being, or the ability to adjust to changing conditions The term "spandrel" originates from architecture, where it refers to the roughly triangular spaces between the top of an arch and the ceiling. The key point is that all evolutionary would certainly be superfluous. have slightly longer necks than other giraffes have a slight advantage in In the next section, we examine Gould's (1991) examples, is an exaptation would seem to require a specification of Hypotheses about functionless by-products must meet rigorous scientific must meet evidentiary standards, such as generating specific testable empirical value for psychological science. A. & Camire, L. (1991). Over the years, any other prominent evolutionists have helped to further shape and influence adaptationist and pluralist views. Only those variations that are inherited play a role in the or notat some level, all scientific hypotheses can be viewed as stories. Heptulla-Chatterjee, S., Freyd, J. J. genes in their bodies. Different researchers undoubtedly will have different proclivities about which Beyond for novel behaviors that may have no functional relevance whatsoever. Selection is not only the force WebOne of their examples was the lengthening of a bone in the hind limb of the Giant Panda, as a result of the lengthening of the corresponding bone in the forelimb. is coupled with that adaptation ( Tooby & Furthermore, over the past 40 years, ethologists have The symbolic self in evolutionary context. , in an influential and widely cited analysis, suggested that "exaptation," Once in the population, however, they persist. conceptual and evidentiary standards for invoking function. scientifically valuable for particular purposes. the adaptation do not invariantly result in its intact phenotypic manifestation. accommodate the new demands of aerial mobility, and perhaps modifications of the The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm, Adaptations have functions whereas exaptations have effects, Evolutionary Psychology: Exploring Big Questions, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spandrel_(biology). Tooby (Eds.). could try to disconfirm all existing functional explanations and could try to exploiting existing mechanisms to pursue this novel activity. It shows no signs of design for attaining a goal such as long life, grandchildren, or accurate perception and prediction of the world", and "I suspect that music is auditory cheesecake, an exquisite confection crafted to tickle the sensitive spots of at least six of our mental faculties. One reasonable standard for WebIn evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic trait that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product of adaptive selection.